Research

Research Summary: The skin is a vital organ, serving as the body’s largest barrier, but its function declines with aging. As a result, research into effective regeneration treatments must continue to advance. Stem cell transplantation, a cell-based therapy, has become a popular treatment for skin aging, although it comes with drawbacks such as host immune reactions. To address this, stem cell-derived cell-free therapies have emerged as an alternative, backed by promising preclinical findings. The key components in cell-free therapy from stem cells are stem cell secretomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, comprehensive reviews on the mechanisms of such treatments for...

Research Summary: Niacinamide, an amide of vitamin B3 (niacin), is a hydrophilic endogenous substance. Its effects after epicutaneous application have long been described in the literature. Given sufficient bioavailability, niacinamide exhibits antipruritic, antimicrobial, vasoactive, photo-protective, sebostatic, and lightening effects depending on its concentration.Within a complex metabolic system, niacinamide controls the NFκB-mediated transcription of signaling molecules by inhibiting the nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Niacinamide is a well-tolerated and safe substance often used in cosmetics. Clinical data for its therapeutic use in various dermatoses can increasingly be found in the literature. Although the existing data are not sufficient for a scientifically...

Research Summary: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer that is widely used as an additive in foods and cosmetics, and as a carrier in PEGylated therapeutics. Even though PEG is thought to be less immunogenic, or perhaps even non-immunogenic, with a variety of physicochemical properties, there is mounting evidence that PEG causes immunogenic responses when conjugated with other materials such as proteins and nanocarriers. Under these conditions, PEG with other materials can result in the production of anti-PEG antibodies after administration.The antibodies that are induced seem to have a deleterious impact on the therapeutic efficacy of subsequently administered PEGylated...

Research Summary: In recent years, interest in the health effects of natural antioxidants has increased due to their safety and applicability in cosmetic formulations. Nevertheless, the efficacy of natural antioxidants in vivo is less documented than their prooxidant properties in vivo. Plant extracts rich in vitamins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds can induce oxidative damage by reacting with various biomolecules while also providing antioxidant properties.Because the biological activities of natural antioxidants differ, their effectiveness in slowing the aging process remains unclear. This review article focuses on the use of natural antioxidants in skincare and the possible mechanisms underlying their desired effects,...