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Research Summary Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are organic acids with one hydroxyl group attached to the alpha position of the acid. AHAs, including glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid, are often extensively used in cosmetic formulations. They have been applied as superficial peeling agents and to improve the appearance of keratoses and acne in dermatology. However, caution should be exercised due to potential adverse reactions among patients using products with AHAs, such as swelling, burning, and pruritus.Whether AHAs enhance or decrease photodamage of the skin remains unclear, leading to the question: are AHAs friends or foes...

Research Summary Indonesia is known for its rich biodiversity, including various types of plants that can be used as traditional medicines to treat various skin problems such as acne, skin lightening, and anti-aging. In optimizing efforts to combat aging caused by free radicals, it is essential to develop cosmetic formulations that are both effective and comfortable to use. Cosmetics come in various dosage forms, including gels, creams, powders, ointments, and lotions. The formulation and evaluation of anti-aging cream preparations containing active substances from plant extracts are necessary steps in this process.The method used in this study is comparative research, which...

Research Summary Introduction: Dermocosmetics are increasingly being recognized as an integral part of acne management. Dermocosmetics may minimize the side effects of acne medications, provide synergistic effects by improving the efficacy of other treatments, and limit exposure to environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation. This review aims to provide an overview of the active ingredients and different types of preparations used in dermocosmetics for acne, and to highlight supporting evidence for their use in clinical practice.Methods: A literature search for selected keywords was performed using PubMed. Additional papers were identified based on author expertise.Results and Discussion: The different types of...

Research Summary Cyclic and linear siloxanes are compounds synthesized from silicon, consisting of alternating atoms of silicone and oxygen [Si-O] units with organic side chains. The most common cyclic siloxanes include octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6). The most common linear siloxanes are high molecular weight polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and low molecular weight volatile linear siloxanes known as hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), octamethyltrisiloxane (L3), decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), and dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5).These compounds exhibit low dermal toxicity, are generally inert and non-reactive, and are compatible with a wide range of chemicals, offering several beneficial properties. These properties include wash-off or transfer resistance from the skin,...