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Research Summary This assessment focuses on polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and on anionic or nonionic PEG derivatives, which are currently used in cosmetics in Europe. These compounds are widely utilized in various cosmetic applications due to their solubility, viscosity properties, and low toxicity. PEGs, their ethers, and fatty acid esters produce little or no ocular or dermal irritation and have extremely low acute and chronic toxicities. They do not readily penetrate intact skin, and despite the extensive use of products containing PEG and PEG derivatives, there are only a few case reports of sensitization reactions, primarily involving patients exposed to PEGs...

Research Summary Disruption of the skin barrier and immunity has been associated with several skin diseases, namely atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and acne. Resident and non-resident immune cells, along with the barrier system of the skin, are integral to innate immunity. Recent advances in understanding skin microbiota have opened avenues for further exploration of the various communications between these microbiota and skin immune cells. Vitamins, being essential micronutrients, have been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. The immunomodulatory action of vitamins can halt the progression of skin diseases. Thus, understanding the immuno-pharmacology of these vitamins—especially for skin diseases—can...

Research Summary In the present work, new highly biocompatible nanovesicles were developed using the polyanion sodium hyaluronate to form polymer-immobilized vesicles, referred to as hyalurosomes. Curcumin, at a high concentration, was loaded into hyalurosomes, and the physicochemical properties, along with in vitro and in vivo performances of the formulations, were compared to those of liposomes containing the same lipid and drug content. The vesicles were prepared by directly adding a dispersion containing the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronate and the polyphenol curcumin to a commercial mixture of soy phospholipids, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents.An extensive study was carried out on...

Research Summary Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a complex interplay of skin barrier disruption and immune dysregulation. Patients with AD are susceptible to cutaneous infections that may progress to complications, including staphylococcal septicemia. Although most studies have focused on filaggrin mutations, the physical barrier and antimicrobial barrier also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD.Within the physical barrier, the stratum corneum and tight junctions are of utmost importance. The tight junction barrier is particularly involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as structural and functional defects in tight junctions not only disrupt the...