The interactions between the sun and the skin have both beneficial and harmful aspects. While the sun provides important positive effects, there are also serious harmful consequences to consider, particularly from ultraviolet radiation, commonly referred to as UV-A and UV-B. To mitigate these harmful effects, the topical application of sunscreens and the avoidance of extreme sun exposure are widely recognized as the most effective strategies to prevent sunburn and skin edema. Additionally, this approach can efficiently reduce the risk of developing skin cancer.The primary aim of sunscreen products is to minimize the damage caused by sun exposure while maintaining good...
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Research Summary: It is estimated that total sun exposure occurs non-intentionally in three quarters of our lifetimes. Our skin is exposed to the majority of UV radiation during outdoor activities, such as walking, practicing sports, running, hiking, etc., and not when we are intentionally exposed to the sun on the beach. We rarely use sunscreens during those activities, or at least not as much and as regularly as we should, making us commonly prone to acute and chronic sun damage of the skin. The only protection of our skin is endogenous (synthesis of melanin and enzymatic antioxidants) and exogenous (antioxidants,...
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Research Summary: World consumers are looking for personal care products that supply multiple benefits with minimal effort. They also expect the latest technological advances to be incorporated into innovative formulations. The trend toward therapeutic cosmetics will lead to a better understanding of modern ingredients and their assessment techniques. To obtain skin care formulations with real consumer-perceivable benefits and to optimize sensory attributes, formulators are resorting to technology that until recently was exclusively used in cosmetic products. Various formulations come under special delivery systems like Vesicular, Particulate systems, and emulsions type, along with their applications, as shown in this article. This...
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Research Summary Sun protection products have been used to mitigate the harmful effects of Ultra Violet (UV) sun rays for centuries. These products protect against sunlight-induced erythema, with their level of performance indicated by the sun protection factor (SPF). The present investigation was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of different concentrations of titanium dioxide on SPF using mice as test subjects.In this study, the mice were divided into four groups. Group I served as the control, while Groups II and III served as test groups, treated with formulations containing 10% and 20% titanium dioxide, respectively. All the...
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