Research Summary:
Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are desirable components of oils with special dietary and functional properties. Their therapeutic and health-promoting effects have already been established in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through mechanisms such as modifications in cell membrane lipid composition, gene expression, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction.
The application of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in common skin diseases has been examined in numerous studies, but the results and conclusions were often opposing and inconclusive. It seems that a combination of ω-6, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and ω-3 long-chain PUFAs supplementation exhibits the highest potential in reducing inflammatory processes. This combination could be beneficial for managing inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne.
Due to significant population and individually-based genetic variations that impact PUFAs metabolism, gene expression, and associated inflammatory responses, it is difficult to recommend a strict dietary and supplementation strategy for disease prevention and treatment that is appropriate for all. However, well-balanced nutrition and targeted anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged for individuals in need to better manage skin diseases and, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.
Keywords: nutraceuticals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, supplementation, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, inflammatory skin diseases, atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis.
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